Science Blog : 2015

domingo, 15 de noviembre de 2015

ursusarctos_f7e680ca.png. (2012). Recovered from: http://static01.diariodenavarra.es/uploads/imagenes/bajacalidad/2012/08/13/_ursusarctos_f7e680ca.png?737f8dac7d68ce85515c7ca789c509d8

Photosynthesis.gif. Recovered from: http://www.factmonster.com/images/photosynthesis.gif

The-Food-Pyramid.aspx. Recovered from: http://www.safefood.eu/Healthy-Eating/What-is-a-balanced-diet/The-Food-Pyramid.aspx

Webque1.jpg. Recovered from: http://education.wichita.edu/m3/tips/health/first/nutrition/webque1.jpg

Biyoj89iL.jpeg. Recovered from: http://www.clipartbest.com/cliparts/biy/oj8/biyoj89iL.jpeg

4D-Animal-Cell-Model-300A.jpg. Recovered from: http://www.xump.com/Images/Products/4D-Animal-Cell-Model-300A.jpg

4D-Plant-Cell-Model-300A.jpg. Recovered from: http://www.xump.com/Images/Products/4D-Plant-Cell-Model-300A.jpg

02_01-animal-cell.jpg. Recovered from: http://bio3400.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch02/02_01-animal-cell.jpg

Plant3.gif. Recovered from: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

Recycling-logo.jpg. (2015).Recovered from: http://www.eaglebrae.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/recycling-logo.jpg

Medline Plus (2015) Tissues types. Recovered from: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/8682.htm

Saved You a Spot (2015) Organs of the human body. Recovered from: https://savedyouaspot.wordpress.com/2015/10/20/organs-of-the-human-body-an-interactive-game/

PROBLEM OF OUR SOCIETY

Problem of our society

A big problem in society of the twentieth century is the rise of mass consumption which causes many inorganic waste. This causes environmental pollution, ecosystem damage and destroys natural resources.
The inorganic waste in its majority can be recycled and reused, but in our society there is no education and awareness about recycling. Therefore waste is increasing and also dumps which leads to a space problem. is needed more space for dumps and that compromising nature even more.

One of the solutions would make educational campaigns around the mute; but these campaigns should be continuous, permanent, from the smallest to this problem is consienticen children.
Another solution would be to place large recycling cans in a strategic place in every neighborhood of the city for people to recycle more comfortably. And like that will have less trash in dumps and as a result would benefit nature.

ORGAN

Organic structure of living beings constituted by various tissues which carries out one or more specific functions.

A body is formed by different types of tissues such as muscles or membranes.

Organs usually operate in systems, i.e., blended with other bodies to perform a function. For example, in the digestive system we have liver, stomach or intestines, to each of which corresponds a function.

The eyes are considered organs, skin and heart, but not all are equally important. The term vital organs to refer to those organs that you can not live with it, like the lungs or pancreas.

Some vital organs are:

Lungs

They are the main organs of the respiratory system. In them the blood carrying carbon dioxide is cleaned and oxygen load. The passage of oxygen to the blood occurs through the alveoli which are the branches of the bronchi within the lungs. The introduction of oxygen in the lungs and the expulsion of carbon dioxide produced by respiratory movements of inspiration and expiration. The lungs are not muscles like the heart that is a muscle, breathing movements that do not perform them but called diaphragm muscle beneath the lungs.

Kidneys

Two organs of the body are located in the lower back or abdomen back. Its main function is to filter the blood and help the elimination of waste in it. In the kidneys there are some filters are called nephrons. When blood was filtered, continues its movement. Meanwhile, the waste filtered by the kidneys will be subsequently expelled through the urine. The ureters are responsible for driving the liquid waste from the kidney to the bladder. When it is filled with fluid, urine is expelled through the urethra.

Liver

It is one of the main vital organs of the human body. It is located on the right side of the abdomen. Its functions include the transformation are substances harmful to the body in other harmless. The liver also performs other functions such as making bile, which is essential to perform digestion. It is also partly responsible for transforming food into carbohydrates and is capable of making proteins.

Pancreas

It is a digestive organ located in the right part of the abdomen. It is a gland that secretes substances called enzymes necessary for the realization of digestive function. Another major function of the pancreas gland as is the production of hormones like insulin. It serves for example to maintain adequate levels of blood sugar. The diabetes may for example be caused by a deficiency in insulin production of the pancreas is responsible.

Spleen

Part of the lymphatic system. It is located in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is a vital organ that you can live without it, the body would become more fragile to infections. Among its functions it is to filter the blood and remove it defective red blood cells. It is also responsible for producing antibodies that help fight infections.

TISSUE

Tissue is a conection of similar cells that usually have a common embryonic origin and which function in association to develop specialized activities.
Tissues are composed of cells and the extracellular matrix produced by them. The matrix is almost nonexistent in some tissues, while in other structures and contains abundant and important molecules from structurally and functionally.

There are four basic types of tissue:

1. connective tissue,

2. epithelial tissue,

3. muscle tissue

4. nervous tissue.

The connective tissue supports and connects other tissues such as bone, blood and lymphatic tissues.

The epithelial tissue provides a covering; as the skin and the lining of the various passages within the body.

The Muscle tissue consists of:

1.Striated or voluntary muscles that move the skeleton

2.Smooth muscle, such as that surrounding the stomach.

The Nervous tissue: is made up of nerve cells or neurons and used to carry "messages" to and from various parts of the body.

PARTS CELL AND ORGANELLES

1. CELL WALL: Made of a tough substance called cellulose, which supports the cell.

2. CELL MEMBRANE: Controls what substances can get into and out of the cell.

3. CYTOPLASM: Jelly-like substance, where chemical reactions happen. In plant cells there's a thin lining, whereas in animal cells most of the cell is cytoplasm.

4. NUCLEUS: Controls what happens inside the cell. Carries genetic information.

5. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE: Delimiting two compartments inside the cell: the DNA transcription into RNA (in the core) and the RNA into protein translation (in the cytoplasm).

6. CHROMATIN: It is the set of DNA, RNA and proteins that are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and constitutes the genome of such cells.

7. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: Protein and lipid synthesis.

8. RIBOSOME: Protein synthesis.

9. MITOCHONDRIA: It produces energy.

10. VACUOLE: Contains a liquid called cell sap, which keeps the cell firm.

11. CHLOROPLAST: Where photosynthesis happens – chloroplasts contain a green substance called chlorophyll.

12. GOLGI BODY: Processed, packaged and distributed proteins. It is responsible for the delivery and distribution of chemicals in the cell.

13. LYSOSOME: Digest substances that have entered the cell.

14. CENTRIOLE: Organelle is a cylindrical structure involved in cell division in multicellular organisms and causes the movement of cilia and flagella in unicellular organisms.

PLANT CELL

ANIMAL CELL

CELL

CELL THEORY

All living things are composed of cells.

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

All cells are produced from other cells.

TYPES OF CELLS

1. BACTERIAL CELL

Is a prokaryote cell
5 essential structural components:
Nucleoid
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Surface layer

2. PLANT CELL 3. ANIMAL CELL

These are eukaryotic cells.

They have defined a nuclear membrane which contains its genetic material core.

Its size is much larger than the prokaryotic cell.

In the cytoplasm there are structures that have diverse functions called cellular organelles.

The animal cell do not have a cell wall.

the plant cell have cell wall or chloroplast

Animal cells are round and irregular in shape.

Plant cells are rectangular shape.

plant cell

animal cell

TYPES OF NUTRITION

AUTOTROPHS	HETEROTROPHS
PRODUCERS	CONSUMERS

AUTOTROPHS

Organism that can produce his own food.

Green sulfur Bacteria

Algae

Cyanobacteria

NUTRITION IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS

Plants use inorganic minerals for nutrition.

Roots absorb mineral nutrients as ions i soil water.

The inorganic minerals in soil is formed with rock minerals, decaying organic matter, animals and microbes.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Is the process by the plant make their own food. The plant absorbs water from the roots and carbon-dioxide and light energy from the leaves, whit that things in leave make the photosynthesis, making food to the plant and releasing oxygen.

For photosynthesis, plants need chlorophyll, which is a substance having green on the leaves. It is responsible for absorbing the right light for this process. In turn, chlorophyll is responsible for the characteristic green color of plants.

HETEROTROPHS

Is an organism that uses organic carbon for growth by consuming other organisms

Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore

Heterotrophic nutrition is the nutrition obtained by digesting organic compounds prepared by other plants or animal tissues.All animals and non-green plants cannot make their own food; hence they depend on others directly or indirectly for their food supply.

HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION TYPES

HOLOZOIC

SAPROPHYTE

PARASITIC

SYMBIOTIC

HOLOZOIC NUTRITION

This type of nutrition including food digestion, digestion of nutrients and excretion of wastes.

It's important because it maintain in equilibrium the food chain.

SAPROPHYTE NUTRITION

This kind of nutrition involves processing or decomposing the rotten foliage and dead or decaying organic matter of organisms. In this mode of nutrition, secretion of certain enzymes are released which break down the complex food into simpler forms.

FUNGI……...YEASTS……...MOULDS

PARASITIC NUTRITION

This nutrition is where an organism (known as a parasite) lives on the body surface or inside the body of another type of organism. It cause disease

SYMBIOTIC NUTRITION

In symbiotic nutrition both organisms are beneficial mutually.

FOOD PYRAMID

The food pyramid is designed to make healthy eating easier. Healthy eating is about getting the

correct amount of nutrients – protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals you need to maintain good health.

NUTRITION

DEFINITION OF NUTRITION

The process by which organisms take in and utilize food material. And the processes by which the organism ingest, absorbs, transports, utilizes and excretes food substances.

Nutrients

TYPES

1. MACRONUTRIENTS: Are nutrients that provide calories ( energy).

2. MICRONUTRIENTS: As opposed to macronutrients, are comprised of vitamins and minerals which are required in small quantities to ensure normal metabolism, growth and physical well well-being.

Macronutrients

The main function of macronutrients is to give energy to the body.

CARBOHYDRATES	PROTEINS	LIPIDS
The main function of carbohydrates is to provide energy to the body, especially the brain and nervous system.	Protein is found in every living cell in the body. Our bodies need protein from the food we eat to build and maintain bones, muscles and skin.	Fat is a source of energy and helps the body absorb vitamins.

Micronutrients

VITAMINS: Organic substance found in food and in small quantities, is essential for the development of the metabolism of living beings.

Vitamin A
Vitamin B6, B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K

MINERALS: Minerals are chemical elements essential for normal metabolic functioning.

They play an important role in the body because they are necessary for the development of tissues, synthesis of hormones and in most of the chemical reactions in which the enzymes involved.

Zinc
Iron
Calcium
Phosphorus
Potassium